The present study describes the behavior of meningococcal disease in 86 cases notified with isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in Cuba from 1998-2007, through spatial and temporal distribution of cases, phenotypic characterization of isolated strains and identification of some host risk factors that may affect phenotypic switching of strains. Percentages and the rate of changes of the strain phenotypic structure with different criteria were calculated. Children under one year old (30.2%) and meningitis (76.7%) were predominant. Case-fatality rate was 15.1%. The 58.1% of cases were ill with the same vaccine strain phenotype (B:4:P1.19,15). Phenotypic changes were detected in 41.9% of the isolates, mainly in children of 5-9 years old who live in western and central regions. Children that fell ill in July, September, December and April and live in Matanzas, Havana and Villa Clara provinces were associated to phenotypic switching of strains.

En la presente investigación se describió el comportamiento de la enfermedad meningocócica en 86 casos notificados con aislamiento de Neisseria meningitidis en Cuba, entre 1998-2007, a través de la distribución espacial y temporal de los casos, la caracterización fenotípica de las cepas aisladas y la identificación de algunos factores de riesgo del hospedero que pudieran incidir en su cambio fenotípico. Se calcularon los porcentajes y el índice de cambio de la estructura fenotípica del meningococo con diferentes criterios. Predominó el grupo de pacientes menores de un año (30,2%) y la forma clínica meningítica (76,7%). La letalidad fue de 15,1%. Enfermó con el mismo fenotipo de la cepa vacunal (B:4:P1.19,15) el 58,1% de los casos. Se detectaron cambios fenotípicos en el 41,9% de las cepas aisladas, principalmente en niños entre 5-9 años (2001 y 2007), residentes en la región occidental y central del país. Los que enfermaron en julio, septiembre, diciembre y abril y residían en las provincias de Matanzas, La Habana y Villa Clara, se asociaron con el cambio fenotípico de las cepas.

Propolis is a resinous mixture of different plant exudates collected by honeybees. Currently, propolis is widely used as a food supplement and in folk medicine. We have evaluated 20 Cuban propolis extracts of different chemical types, brown (BCP), red and yellow (YCP), with respect to their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal properties. The extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum at low µg/mL concentrations, whereas they were not active against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The major activity of the extracts was found against the protozoa Leishmania, Trypanosoma and Plasmodium, although cytotoxicity against MRC-5 cells was also observed. The BCP-3, YCP-39 and YCP-60 extracts showed the highest activity against P. falciparum, with 50% of microbial growth (IC50) values of 0.2 µg/mL. A positive correlation between the biological activity and the chemical composition was observed for YCP extracts. The most promising antimicrobial activity corresponds to YCP subtype B, which contains acetyl triterpenes as the main constituents. The present in vitro study highlights the potential of propolis against protozoa, but further research is needed to increase selectivity towards the parasite. The observed chemical composition-activity relationship of propolis can contribute to the identification of the active principles and standardisation of this bee product.